International Journal of Innovative Research and Development

Halima Yakubu Mukhtar , Sani Mustapha Kura , Yakaka Abba , Muhammed Adam Ahmed

Abstract

A revisit to the episode of Africa's slave trade and colonialism is clearly two important issues that markedly affected the economic development of African continents during the last five centuries. The triangular pattern of exchange under the Atlantic trading system led to the greatest benefit of Europe and left Africa being the loser. The Fertile and largely untapped resources of the New World (i.e the North and South America as well as the Caribbean Island) were tremendously transformed through the importation of African labour force-slave trade via the dreaded "middle passage" or the Atlantic crossing with Europe serving as the provider of capital.
The absence of data about the size of Africa's population in the 15^th century makes it difficult to carry out any scientific assessment of the result of the population flow. Britain being the first to industrialize in the 18^th century spearheaded the abolishing of slave trade activities in the 19^th century. The realization of Britain that instead of transporting the Africans to the New World to work under service condition in whiteowned plantations, it was better to leave the Africans where they were and encourage them to produce what was needed by British industries. This gave rise to the transition between the end of the Atlantic slave trade and the beginning of colonialism. It is against this backdrop that this paper discusses how the phenomena of the slave trade and the colonialism that played part in its underdevelopment.

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Baba Usman Yero , Sani Mustapha Kura , Aliyu Idris , Zara Ibrahim Bukar

Abstract

The paper aimed to examine the issue behind development level and profile of the global social inequalities of the world. It further categorized societies into social profiles base on their income level in as much as attempts to explain development and social inequality from differing theoretical perspectives.
The whole idea of the discussion is geared toward advancement which has a tricked down effect on the life of the growing world populace thereby reducing poverty and social inequality.
The paper also discusses issues like conceptual understanding of the term development and social in equality, the profile of global social inequality, comparative analysis of global income, reasons for social inequality and theoretical perspectives.

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Sani Mustapha Kura , Abubakar Suleiman , Hadiza Mohammed Hassan

Abstract

Irrespective of the abundant natural and human resources, Nigeria being the most populous country in Africa continent is regarded as the most corrupt and seriously appalling developmental performance record.
Corruption and development are interrelated for the simple fact that one give rise the other, hence, corruption is defined as any form of abuse of public office for private gain which in turn has a tantamount negative economic and social trickle down effect on the whole society.
Some perspectives are of the notion that developing societies and their people are inherently more corrupt than developed ones, yet the argument is that sometimes lack of development opportunities automatically encourages corruption. The this view, economic growth and development create social opportunities that are of potential benefits to the people so that they tend to engage in honest activity to sustain themselves. The specific reward for entrepreneurship and productive rise in relation to rent seeking investment when there is sustain growth can have a positive impact on the society.
In contrast, the despair caused by inequality and pervasive poverty may encourage people to break the rules of honesty and decency. People access to or shortage of resources often develop a self perpetuating momentum so that the well-endowed get more and the poor get even less.
In the light of the above, this paper will also discuss critical issues like impact of corruption on development, theoretical assumption about corruption and development, and how corruption affect development.

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